Aim: Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by the acid-fast bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The spread of disease through inhalation of air droplets infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria, for example, from a patient's cough to a healthy person who inhales the droplets. TB disease generally attacks the lungs or is known as pulmonary TB but can also attack other organs besides the lungs, such as bones, tissue and the brain; this disease is known as extrapulmonary TB. The impacts and problems that occur due to pulmonary TB are still an infectious disease problem in Indonesia and have not been resolved until now and are a priority program for the Ministry of Health to resolve. This study aimed to assess health behaviour in the community using a structural equation model (SEM) for the prevention of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Methods and tools: This quantitative study examined structural relationships using structural equation model (SEM) analysis. The population came from 3 subdistricts, namely, Bangetayu Wetan, Tlogosari Wetan and Tlogosari Kulon, with a total sample of 176 respondents selected randomly. Results: SEM analysis using the AMOS 22 program revealed a significant effect on attitudes (P value < 0.05); in this case, knowledge (X1), subjective norms (X2), and respondent characteristics (X3) had significant effects on attitudes (X4). Only subjective norms and respondent characteristics have a significant influence on behaviour (Y). The attitude variables do not moderate the effects of knowledge, subjective norms, or personal characteristics on behaviour. Conclusion: It is important to maintain cultural values that apply to society because they have a significant influence on TB prevention behaviour in society.