The study aims to evaluate the olive-growing sector created as part of a rural development policy launched in Algeria in 2006.The study was carried out in June 2022 in the rural areas of the Guelma wilaya in north-eastern Algeria. An analysis of the evolution of production, surface area and yields in the wilaya was carried out, followed by a survey of 59 households benefiting from olive tree planting under the PPDRI (Integrated Rural Development Proximity Project) program. The results showed a decline in production and yields, despite the stability of the areas planted. At the same time, household surveys showed that the success rate was 52.50%. In addition, several factors are linked to the success of the project, notably improved living conditions, but most socio-economic criteria are not associated. In the light of this study, the causes of failure mentioned in the study need to be taken into consideration to develop both the sector and rural areas.