Heavy metals even in a very low quantity can be hazardous which can cause significant ecological and health consequences affecting the physiological functioning and structural makeup of all the living things. The elevated level of heavy metals in the environment causes biodiversity loss, environmental pollution, and ecosystem alteration. thus, it is imperative to remove heavy metals from contaminated region through detoxification. Using microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, algae and yeast is a cost-effective, sustainable, and promising method in order to bioremediate heavy metals. Living organisms can alter contaminants as part of their metabolic processes, breaking them down into less toxic substances. The distinct advantage of microbial remediation is the rate of heavy metal cleanup, which is much faster than phytoremediation. Microorganisms absorb and detoxify heavy metals faster than plants, avoiding the spread of contaminants in the surrounding environment. The ability of microorganisms to execute the detoxification of harmful metal ions by reducing the metal ion into metal nanoparticles makes them appropriate for use in the simultaneous elimination of harmful chemicals from the polluted area and biosynthesis of nanoparticles which holds an immense potential to be used in biomedical and industrial applications. This review focuses the process of detoxifying heavy metals by using microorganisms to synthesize nanoparticles and remediate the affected areas simultaneously.