Livestock farming in semi-arid regions like north eastern Karnataka, India, relies heavily on wild fodder plants due to limited agricultural opportunities. This study explores the ethnobotanical knowledge of pastoralist communities in Koppal and Bellary districts regarding wild fodder plants. Through interviews and participatory plant collection, 16 herders were surveyed, revealing a diverse range of plant species used as fodder for various livestock. The study identified 16 herbs, 13 shrubs, 9 trees, 4 grasses, and 2 climbers utilized as fodder, with habitats ranging from road edges to rocky hills. Notable species include Allmania nodiflora, Alternanthera sessilis, and Aerva lanata, which are fodder for multiple livestock types. Additionally, species like Cleome viscosa and Vachellia nilotica subsp. indica are exclusive to goats. The study also uncovered wild hay supplement plants like Lagascea mollis and Barleria prionitis. The average data matrix rank scores provided insights into the perceived importance of different species as fodder sources. This research highlights the intricate traditional knowledge systems of pastoralists and underscores the importance of conserving biodiversity for sustainable livestock management in semi-arid regions