Our research paper on Coleoptera and Hymenoptera is to deepen our comprehension of quantitative and qualitative wildlife in the Oued Souf region. Oued Souf is situated in the northeast of Algerian Sahara. Sampling captures 71 species from the two analyzed orders Coleoptera and Hymenoptera. Our work contains 04 stations, the census allowed to have 1514 individuals divided into 25 families. The most dominant order is that of Coleoptera with 774 individuals, 44 species, and 14 families, followed by the order of Hymenoptera with 740 individuals distributed over 27 species and 11 families. The specific composition of the Coleoptera showed the dominance of Tenebrionidae by Pimelia confusa, Pimelia interstitialis, Eleodes sp and Mesostena angustata, Cicindelidae by Cicindela flexuosa. The specific composition of the Hymenoptera showed the dominance of Formicidae by Pheidole pallidula, Camponotus thoracicus, and Cataglyphis bombycinus. The calculation of the diversity index gives a value of "4.07" bit following an equitability of 76.69% at Coleoptera and "2.80" bit following an equitability of 60.42% at Hymenoptera, these indices allow us to observe an important structure of environmental biodiversity. Calculate the degree of Homogeneity index (T) prove that shows that there is a relatively large heterogeneity between stations. This heterogeneity was indicating a relative imbalance caused by the presence of low-density species.