Biofilm formation is a critical phenomenon in both health and industry, characterized by microbial communities that adhere to surfaces and are encased in an extracellular matrix. These biofilms can form on medical devices, industrial pipelines, and natural environments, posing significant challenges due to their resistance to antimicrobial treatments and cleaning processes. This comprehensive review examines the mechanisms of biofilm formation, the factors influencing biofilm development, and the implications for health and industry. We discuss the impact of biofilms on medical device-related infections, chronic wounds, and industrial biofouling. Additionally, we explore current strategies for controlling biofilm formation, including physical, chemical, and biological approaches. The review also highlights emerging technologies and future directions in biofilm research, emphasizing the need for innovative solutions to mitigate the adverse effects of biofilms.