Heavy metals are naturally occurring elements of the environment, but their geochemical cycles and biochemical balance have been disrupted by human use. Heavy metals including cadmium, copper, lead and others are consequently released in excess into natural resources like soil and aquatic ecosystems. Long-term exposure to and increased buildup of these heavy metals can have detrimental impacts on aquatic biota and human health. In order to get rid of these toxic contaminants one of the most environmentally friendly, economical, safer, and cleanest technologies for decontaminating places contaminated with a variety of contaminants is bioremediation. The technique of employing biological agents to remove harmful waste from the environment is referred to as "bioremediation". The hazardous waste that greatly harms the environment is heavy metals in wastewater. This review article provides a comprehensive analysis of bioremediation, including its types, effects of heavy metals on human health, bioremediation of heavy metals in polluted water, microbe-mediated bioremediation of heavy metals. There are also reports on a few possible species of plants and microbes that are frequently employed to remove heavy metals. The phytoremediation of heavy metals, phytoremediation methods, difficulties in microbial-mediated bioremediation, and recommendations for further bioremediation research are also examined in this article.