Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease. The condition has several phenotypes, with varying clinical presentations from mild mucocutaneous manifestations to multiorgan and severe central nervous system involvement. Several immunopathogenic pathways play a role in the development of SLE. Several pathogenic autoantibodies have since been identified. Despite recent advances in technology and understanding of the pathological basis and risk factors for SLE, the exact pathogenesis is still not well known. Diagnosis of SLE can be challenging, and while several classification criteria have been posed, their utility in the clinical setting is still a matter of debate. SLE presents with a wide array of clinical manifestations and an expansive profile of autoantibodies. This clinical and serological heterogeneity makes it a great challenge to reach an accurate diagnosis. Therefore, physician acumen plays a pivotal role in diagnosing SLE since various clinical features, serological findings, imaging and histopathology must be considered simultaneously. Biomarkers play a vital role in diagnosing SLE, assessing disease activity, classifying complications and assessing disease response to therapeutic interventions. However, the clinical heterogeneity and the complex pathogenesis of SLE make it challenging for one biomarker to reflect the disease's state accurately. Additionally, no single biomarker has shown the ideal sensitivity and specificity for SLE; hence a combination of biomarkers reflecting different aspects of disease manifestations may be more effective in assessing SLE. Systemic lupus erythematosus is a disease of heterogenic manifestation involving multiple organs; therefore, the disease severity and organ involvement vary from patient to patient, thus posing a significant challenge in disease management and requiring an interdisciplinary approach. The treatment aims to prevent the flare-ups of the disease, promote remission and maintenance, besid preventing relapse at a minimum cost of side effects of the drugs used.