ISSN : 2663-2187

CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL SPECTRUM OF PATIENTS WITH SNAKE BITE AND ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY: A PROSPECTIVE INVESTIGATION AT A TERTIARY CARE MEDICAL CENTRE

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Gita Bipin Chandra, Swarnika Singh, Siddharth Kapoor, Bindey Kumar
ยป doi: 10.48047/AFJBS.6.7.2024.4038-4046

Abstract

Introduction: Acute kidney damage (AKI) is a significant complications and leading cause of death following snakebite. The development of nephropathy is largely explained by changes in hemodynamic brought on by direct nephrotoxicity including vasoactive mediators as well as cytokines. AKI is exacerbated by bleeding, hypotension, rhabdomyolysis, intravascular haemolysis, as well as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Healthcare professionals in must comprehend the unique difficulties presented by snakebite-induced AKI due to the geographic variety in snake species and the makeup of their venoms. Aims/Objective: To investigate the clinco-pathological manifestations of AKI caused by snakebite. Materials and Method: This was a prospective study conducted on 19 patients with snake bite and AKI. Every patient underwent a thorough clinical examination and history. To check for coagulation defects, a bedside 20-minute "whole blood clotting test (20WBCT)" had been performed. All patients underwent haematological as well as biochemical testing. The results of the kidney biopsies' histological analysis were also examined. Results: Patients of snake bite with AKI had significantly greater incidence of leucocytosis, low platelet count, rise in urea/creatinine levels, hyperkalaemia, liver dysfunction and raised LDH levels (p<0.0001). Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) and acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) were found in greater than 40% of patients with AKI. There was 1 case of acute cortical necrosis. Conclusion: Factors linked to death included a low serum albumin, an elevated WBC count, a high level of bilirubin, seizure or encephalopathy, pneumonia or ARDS complications, multi-organ failure, and requirement for ICU assistance. RCN was uncommon on renal histology, whereas ATN and AIN were prevalent.

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