Health supplements do not belong to the huge domain of conventional foods and are considered as a separate category of foods: foods with health benefits and physiological effects. The general requirements of the Food Safety and Standards (Health Supplements, Nutraceuticals, Food for Special Dietary Use, Food for Special Medical Purposes, Functional Food, and Novel Food) Regulations, 2016 are discussed along with the regulations that specifically concern the formulation, manufacturing, and sale of health supplements. Among the numerous types of health supplements, protein supplements are focused upon, considering their wide consumption specifically among athletes and people who practise resistance training. The study highlights the current situation of health supplements with specific attention to the regulatory requirements for all aspects of their manufacturing in India including: their formulation, packaging, labelling, and sale. Further, major regulatory bodies worldwide are reviewed and compared with the regulations in India. The most consumed protein supplements are whey protein concentrate, whey protein isolate, casein, plant protein sources such as pea protein, soy protein concentrate, and isolate, and blends of two or more of such protein sources. From these, a sample of each: animal sourced protein (whey protein blend) and a plant-based protein (pea protein and rice protein blend) were chosen for a proximate analysis and determination of the amount of minerals present in them.