Respiratory distress is one of the most common problems presented within the first few days of life. Respiratory distress in the newborn may present as apnoea, cyanosis, grunting, inspiratory stridor, nasal flaring, poor feeding, tachypnoea (more than 60 breaths per minute) and intercostal, subcostal or supracostal recessions. It occurs in about 7% neonates. Aim and Objectives: The present work aims to study the descriptive data of neonates with respiratory distress treated with with high frequency oscillatory ventilator in neonates. Patient and Methods : We prospectively observed 40 neonates who were admitted in Kasr El-Aini NICU and El Monira General hospital with respiratory distress. This population includes all full term and preterm neonates who developed respiratory distress and needed to be mechanically ventilated with high frequency oscillatory ventilator. Results: Demographic characteristics of the studied cases studing the gestational age , weight , sex and the mode of delivery of neonates presented with respiratory distress in Kasr El-Aini NICU and El Monira General hospital and needed to be mechanically ventilated with high frequency oscillatory ventilator. Conclusion: Only Gestational age, weight and sex had significant diagnostic value in regarding demographic characteristics of the studied cases .