The current study explores the diversity and richness of Odonates along Chaliyakkara river, an important tributary of the Kallada River in Kerala, India. The Odonates, serves as essential indicators of freshwater ecosystem health. Field surveys were conducted at three stations along the stream using line transect method and visual surveys to collect the data. Statistical analyses including Shannon-Wiener index, Margalef’s richness index, and evenness index of Pielou’s and hierarchial cluster analysis were employed to assess the diversity parameters. A total of 326 Odonates, representing 21 species of both dragonflies (Anisoptera) and damselflies (Zygoptera), were documented during the study. Among the six families observed, Libellulidae and Coenagrionidae showed the highest species diversity, aligning with studies from various regions. Notably, Trithemis aurora emerged as the most abundant species, underscoring the dominance of the Libellulidae family in the area. Additionally, the occurrence of Chlorocyphidae species in shaded areas confirms findings that Damselflies prefer such habitats. Despite anthropogenic threats, all recorded species were categorized as Least Concern by the IUCN. Notably, the presence of Brachythemis contaminata highlighted water quality concerns. Both endemic and migrant species were observed during the study, highlighting the region's ecological significance. Findings emphasize the importance of local biodiversity documentation of this fragile fauna for conservation strategies and habitat preservation.