This study analyses the evolution of land use and the phytosanitary status of vegetation in the Djebel Boutaleb massif for the period between 2003 and 2023. Using remote sensing data, including Landsat 5 and 8 from the three dates 2000, 2003 and 2023, and spatio-temporal analyses of NDVI, changes in vegetation cover were assessed. Aleppo pine recorded a net expansion of 14.73 km², showing strong resilience, while holm oak suffered a continuous decline of 12.71 km². Atlas cedar maintained relative stability with an increase of 1.28 km². Bare soils decreased by 3.21 km², indicating vegetation regeneration, while agricultural land fluctuated slightly, recording a net decrease of 0.1 km². The results show regeneration in sparsely vegetated areas and a slight improvement in dense vegetation after 2013. These observations call for targeted conservation measures and sustainable management practices to preserve biodiversity and restore degraded lands.