Introduction: Gestational diabetes (GDM) represents one of the most important public health problems by its frequency and maternal-fetal complications, it’s defined as abnormal glucose tolerance, with varying severity, occurring or discovered for the first time during pregnancy. The objective of our research was to assess the risk factors of GDM by comparing two groups of pregnant women. Material and Methods: A comparative prospective study was conducted, including 472 patients aged 18 to 45 years, with 236 confirmed GDM patients compared to 236 healthy pregnant women. Results: The result showed that the mean age of the patients was 32.86 ± 5,601. The analysis of several risk factors showed that some of them are implicated in the development of GDM, namely: maternal age >30 years (OR=1.862[1.290-2,688]; p=0.001), low level of education (OR= 1.930[1.329-2.802]; p=0.001), overweight BMI> 25 kg / m²: (OR= 0.345[0.237-0.502]; p<0.001), emotional shock (OR= 7.167[4.579 11.220]; p<0.001), parity ≥2 (OR= 4.869[3.164 -7491]; p<0.001), history of cesarean delivery(OR= 5.846[3.736-9.149]; p<0.001), history of death in utero (IUD)(OR= 5.874 [3.878-8.896]; p<0.001), history of macrosomia(OR= 4,378[2,431-7.88]; p<0.001), history of gestational obesity (OR= 15,221[8,067-28,718]; p<0.001), history of hypertension(OR= 23,044[7,090-74,893]; p<0.001), history of GDM(OR= 7,152[4,299-11,901]; p<0.001) and family history of diabetes (OR= 3,340[2,289-4 877]; p<0.001). Conclusions: Based on these findings, early screening and monitoring of pregnancy should be encouraged to reduce perinatal morbidity and mortality.