Background: Microorganisms that have unique traits and play important roles in both health and disease can flourish in the human mouth because of its favorable environment. As science progresses, there is mounting evidence that the oral microbiome is important in conditions other than oral diseases. The oral cavity's ease of monitoring and manipulation of the microbiome opens up new possibilities for microbiome-based diagnostics and therapeutics. Methods: An electronic search on PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus for bibliographic and available literature was done using different databases by following keywords oral microbiome and oral bio film, oral hygiene, were used. Results: This article examines the current state of research on the oral microbiome, briefly summarizing the most modern techniques for characterizing the microbiome, such as cutting edge omics, next-generation sequencing, microbiome databases, and areas where there are now gaps in our understanding. Conclusions: The deregulation in the oral microbiome play a crucial role in oral polymicrobial diseases, the development and use of new diagnostic technologies emphasizes the early identification , effective treatment, prevention of dental and periodontal diseases.