Obesity and metabolic syndrome are prominent worldwide health issues that substantially elevate the likelihood of developing a range of diseases, including cancer. Chronic, mild inflammation and a decreased body response to insulin are important variables that link fat to cancer development. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between insulin resistance and the likelihood of developing cancer in overweight or obese patients, regardless of whether they have metabolic syndrome or not. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional investigation with a total of 200 participants. We categorised the participants into four distinct groups: 50 individuals in good health, 50 overweight individuals, 50 obese individuals without metabolic syndrome, and 50 obese individuals with metabolic syndrome. We used the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine serum insulin levels and the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) to evaluate insulin resistance. We also assessed anthropometric and biochemical markers. Results: Compared to the control group (4.7 3.0 IU/ml), individuals who were overweight (10.8±0.8 µIU/ml), obese without metabolic syndrome (14.2±2.4 µIU/ml), and obese with metabolic syndrome (20.3±6.3 µIU/ml) had significantly higher levels of serum insulin. The HOMA-IR values were higher in the overweight and obese groups compared to the control group, suggesting increased insulin resistance. These data indicate that obesity worsens insulin levels and insulin resistance, perhaps leading to an increased risk of cancer. Conclusion: The study emphasises a substantial correlation between obesity, insulin resistance, and increased cancer susceptibility. To effectively reduce this risk, it is essential to implement interventions that focus on weight loss and improving metabolic health. Timely detection and proactive measures are critical for effectively managing obesity issues and decreasing cancer incidence.