Diabetes mellitus presents a formidable global health challenge, with its prevalence soaring among diverse populations. Traditional herbal remedies have long been explored for their potential in managing this chronic metabolic disorder. In this investigation, we delve into the antidiabetic properties of the hydroalcoholic extract derived from Polygonum plebeium R. Br. shoots, employing various rat models to assess its efficacy.Our study encompasses normoglycemic rats, glucose-loaded rats, and rats induced with hyperglycemia through adrenaline, alloxan, and methylprednisolone administration. Noteworthy findings reveal a significant hypoglycemic effect of the extract at a dosage of 200 mg/kg in normoglycemic rats, observed at the 5-hour mark. Furthermore, it demonstrates remarkable improvements in glucose tolerance compared to the control group subjected to 2 gm/kg p.o. glucose.