Moths, which are phytophagous insects, are widely distributed agricultural, horticultural, and forest pests that play a role in night pollination and are predominantly active during the night, serving as potential bio-indicators. The forthcoming research will present initial findings on the diversity of species, species composition, abundance, evenness, and richness of moth fauna within the Baburayanpettai region in the Chengalpattu district. The survey in Baburayanpettai yielded a total of 220 moth specimens, representing 38 species from 10 families. The family Erebidae emerged as the most prevalent, with 14 species, while the family Saturniidae was the least prevalent, with only one species. This study marks the first instance of calculating diversity indices for moths in the Baburayanpettai area. During the survey, we computed the biodiversity index, Pielou's evenness index (J), Simpson's diversity index (D), Margalef's richness index, and Shannon Wiener index, as 1.88, 0.52, 0.83, 10.19, 1.9, respectively, indicating a rich diversity of moth fauna in the surveyed regions.