Foodborne pathogens pose a significant threat to public health, leading to illnesses that range from mild gastroenteritis to severe systemic infections. This review focuses on the intricate interactions between foodborne pathogens and the host immune system, aiming to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these interactions. Understanding how pathogens evade immune responses and how the host mounts defense mechanisms is crucial for developing effective strategies to prevent and control foodborne illnesses. Recent advances in molecular biology and immunology have shed light on key virulence factors of pathogens such as Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli, and their impact on the host's immune response. This comprehensive review synthesizes current knowledge on host-pathogen interactions, highlights the role of innate and adaptive immunity in combating foodborne infections, and discusses innovative approaches, including vaccines and probiotics, to enhance food safety. By integrating findings from various studies, this review aims to provide a foundation for future research and the development of targeted interventions to mitigate the burden of foodborne diseases