Climate change poses significant threats to agricultural systems worldwide, including cotton production in South Asia, a major cotton-growing region. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the potential impacts of climate change on cotton production in South Asia and explores adaptation strategies to mitigate these impacts. Using climate models and crop simulation models, we project future changes in temperature, precipitation, and extreme weather events in the region. We then evaluate the effects of these projected changes on cotton yield, fiber quality, and pest pressure. Our results indicate that climate change is likely to have a negative impact on cotton production in South Asia. Rising temperatures and changes in precipitation patterns are projected to reduce yields and degrade fiber quality. Additionally, increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, such as droughts, floods, and heatwaves, could further damage crops and disrupt production.To mitigate the impacts of climate change, farmers in South Asia may need to adopt new cultivars, adjust planting dates, and implement irrigation and pest management practices tailored to the changing climate. Additionally, policymakers and researchers can play a crucial role in developing and promoting adaptation strategies and supporting the resilience of cotton-based livelihoods in the region.This study provides valuable information for cotton producers, policymakers, and researchers in developing strategies to ensure the sustainability and resilience of cotton production in South Asia in the face of climate change.