By replacing or repairing damaged genes, gene therapy offers a viable treatment option for a wide range of hereditary illnesses. The goal of this study is to offer a thorough examination of the developments, achievements, and difficulties related to gene therapy. We will highlight important advancements in delivery techniques, noteworthy results from clinical trials, and the management of different genetic abnormalities. This study will also explore the ongoing obstacles that prevent gene therapy from being used more widely, such as immunological reactions, ethical concerns, and problems with long-term safety and efficacy. We'll also talk about the prospects for gene therapy in the future, with an emphasis on overcoming these challenges and developing the science. This review aims to provide a thorough overview of the current status of gene therapy and its potential to transform the treatment of genetic illnesses by looking at these elements.