Climate change is the most promising challenge facing in the 21st century. Its impacts on ecosystems are complex and multifaceted, affecting biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human well-being. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current scientific understanding of the impacts of climate change on ecosystem dynamics. We synthesize evidence from a wide range of studies, including field observations, experimental manipulations, and modeling approaches, to elucidate the mechanisms through which climate change influences ecosystems. We examine the effects of climate change on species distributions, phenology, productivity, and community as well as the feedback between ecosystems and the climate system. Additionally, we discuss the implications of these changes for ecosystem functioning, resilience, and services, and identify key knowledge gaps and research priorities. Our synthesis underscores the urgent need for proactive adaptation and mitigation strategies to minimize the adverse effects of climate change on ecosystems and sustain biodiversity and ecosystem services for future generations