The issue of congenital heart defects in the modern world is no longer considered solely a medical concern. It has become a complex interplay of pediatric healthcare, social dynamics, and economic indicators, which are, to a significant extent, its outcomes. Global statistics acknowledge that a low quality of life and an increase in negative environmental factors create a fertile ground for the rising incidence of congenital cardiac pathologies in children. This study sheds light on the medical and social factors that define the socio-economic dimension of this problem. Congenital heart defects often lead to disability, and the picture of social incapacity invariably carries substantial socio-economic consequences.The article underscores the advancements made in the diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart defects, along with the evolution of cardiac surgery, which has enabled many young patients to transition into full adult lives.Of particular concern to the author is the social aspect of this medical problem because socio-economic factors significantly determine the capabilities of both medicine and the population to access its assistance.