The production of bioethanol using genetically modified strains is presented as an advanced and sustainable solution to fossil fuels. This approach significantly benefits from gene editing techniques, such as CRISPR-Cas9, to optimize the efficiency of microorganisms in converting biomass to bioethanol. Despite technological advances that allow us to overcome previous limitations, such as the improvement in the fermentation of pineapple bagasse in Mexico, challenges are faced in terms of economic viability, genetic stability and public acceptance. The research details the need for a comprehensive analysis of technical, economic, ethical and regulatory aspects to effectively integrate these technologies into the global energy landscape. The review methodology is based on the qualitative analysis of scientific literature, prioritizing recent studies that report advances and practical applications of the modified strains. The findings highlight the efficiency and yield advantages of these strains over conventional strains, underlining their transformative potential in bioethanol production. Furthermore, the importance of continuing research is emphasized to improve the stress tolerance of strains and optimize the use of lignocellulosic biomass, crucial aspects for the sustainability of production. Regulatory and ethical aspects are also considered fundamental for the acceptance and application of GMOs in bioethanol. Despite the present challenges, future prospects in the production of bioethanol from genetically modified strains are optimistic, focusing on the sustainability, efficiency and global acceptance of these technologies.