Medical cannabis has been the subject of increasing attention in recent years due to its potential therapeutic benefits. However, the use of cannabis for medicinal purposes remains controversial and has generated debate within the medical community. This critical review aims to examine the current evidence surrounding medical cannabis to provide a comprehensive understanding of its therapeutic potential and limitations. The review begins by exploring the pharmacology of cannabis, including the main active compounds, their mechanisms of action, and their effects on the human body. It then examines the evidence for the use of medical cannabis in a range of conditions, including chronic pain, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and cancer-related symptoms. The review also discusses the potential adverse effects of cannabis use, including cognitive impairment, addiction, and respiratory problems.While the evidence for the therapeutic benefits of medical cannabis is mixed, there is strong evidence to support its use in certain conditions, particularly chronic pain and spasticity associated with multiple sclerosis. However, the quality of evidence varies, and more rigorous studies are needed to establish the efficacy of medical cannabis for other conditions.The review also highlights the importance of appropriate regulation and monitoring of medical cannabis use, particularly in light of the potential for abuse and the lack of standardization of products. In conclusion, while medical cannabis shows promise as a therapeutic agent, further research is needed to fully establish its efficacy and safety, and to guide its appropriate use in clinical practice.