As they are so common in the environment, microplastics pose serious health risks to people. This scientific investigation explores their origins, movements, and effects. Synthetic fibres, microbeads, and plastic manufacture are examples of primary sources; the fragmentation of bigger polymers is a secondary source. Nurdles are released during the plastic manufacturing process, wastewater from personal care items contains microbeads that infiltrate aquatic bodies, and contamination is caused by synthetic fibers shed from textiles. Larger polymers break apart as a result of external stresses like sunshine and mechanical forces. Microplastics find their way into ecosystems via soil, streams, atmospheric deposition, and the food chain. Deposition occurs on both terrestrial and aquatic surfaces as a result of atmospheric transport caused by wind and precipitation. Surface runoff and wastewater discharge contribute to accumulation in rivers, which affects aquatic life and may make its way into the food chain. Runoff and atmospheric deposition cause soil to accumulate, which has an impact on soil quality and agricultural output. Microplastics biomagnified in the food chain, putting human health at risk from eating polluted seafood. Determining human exposure and related health hazards requires an understanding of the origins and pathways of microplastics. Thorough risk assessments and mitigation tactics are necessary to reduce negative impacts on the environment and public health. To reduce pollution and protect public health, it is imperative to address the manufacture of plastics, regulate the presence of microplastics in consumer products, and support sustainable alternatives. This investigation emphasizes the necessity of multidisciplinary study and teamwork to address the intricate problems brought on by microplastics and safeguard environmental integrity and public health.