MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a subset of small non-coding RNAs that have a vital role in controlling gene expression at the post-transcriptional level within plants. Initially found in nematodes, miRNAs have now become recognized as pivotal regulators across various facets of plant growth, encompassing root development, shoot meristem development, vascular development, flowering development, and phase transition. By precisely cleaving target mRNAs and producing secondary small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), miRNAs coordinate intricate gene regulatory networks that oversee both plant development and the response to environmental stimuli. This comprehensive analysis sheds light on the current comprehension of how miRNAs function in different phases of plant development, underscoring their significance in shaping the morphology and physiology of plants. Moreover, it is essential to recognize the existing gaps in knowledge and put forth prospective research avenues that aim to unveil the complex regulatory networks overseen by miRNAs, thereby progressing our insights into plant development and potentially aiding in the formulation of innovative strategies for enhancing crop productivity.