Medical students frequently experience elevated levels of stress and burnout, which can adversely affect their well-being and academic performance. This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of an eight-week mindfulness training program in reducing stress and burnout among medical students. A total of 120 medical students were randomly assigned to either the mindfulness training group (n = 60) or a waitlist control group (n = 60). The intervention consisted of weekly one-hour sessions incorporating guided meditation, mindful breathing, and cognitive awareness exercises. Primary outcomes measured included the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) subscales for emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, and the General Well-Being Scale (GWBS). Assessments were conducted at baseline, post-intervention (week 8), and at a three-month follow-up. Results indicated that, after eight weeks, students in the mindfulness training group experienced a significant reduction in perceived stress, with an average decrease of 25%, compared to a 5% reduction in the control group. Emotional exhaustion decreased by 20% in the mindfulness group, while the control group showed a 3% improvement. Depersonalization scores dropped by 30% in the mindfulness group, compared to a 6% reduction in the control group. Additionally, well-being scores improved by 18% in the mindfulness group, whereas the control group showed a 2% increase. Effect sizes for stress reduction and well-being improvements were large, while those for emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were moderate. At the three-month follow-up, 85% of students in the mindfulness group maintained their improvements in stress and burnout scores. These findings suggest that integrating mindfulness programs into medical curricula could be a valuable strategy for enhancing student resilience and mental health. Future research should explore long term benefits and methods for broader implementation of mindfulness training in medical education.