Worldwide, infectious diseases account for the majority of morbidity and mortality. The first step towards both treatment and the control and prevention of disease is an accurate and early diagnosis. The identification of diseases, appropriate treatment, and containment of epidemics among the populace all depend on efficient diagnostic methods. Some significant questions that can be addressed by assessments of these procedures in light of numerous variables are whether or whether they are useful in a particular community context and, if so, which test would be most suitable. Important aspects include the degree of the sickness, genetic variety of the pathogen, availability and accessibility of resources, and proficiency with existing techniques that could add to understanding of the virulence. Numerous approaches of diagnosing infectious diseases have been put forth and evaluated in the literature. There are three main groups into which mainstream diagnostics can be divided: 1) Conventional techniques, such as microscopy and cell culture 3) cutting-edge biotechnology techniques including molecular genotyping, DNA microarray, and nanotechnology; 2) biochemical techniques like immunoassays and colorimetric tests. Within their respective functional ranges and situations of necessity and application, each approach possesses unique benefits and drawbacks. Advanced methods are often faster and more sensitive than classical methods, which are regarded as industry standards and economical. For some microbiological infections, such as tuberculosis, traditional techniques like microscopy and culture are tried-and-true, reasonably priced approaches. Compared to pricey contemporary approaches, these methods are easily accessible in remote, difficult-to-reach areas. The gold-standard diagnostic techniques have drawbacks despite these benefits, such as time-consuming sample preparation, sluggish results, lower sensitivity, and occasionally ineffectual detection. Rapid and sensitive immunotechniques are available, such as agglutination and dipsticks, that are employed in both rural and urban regions and can confirm positivity or negativity with nearly 100% sensitivity.