This study employed Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to investigate the chemical and nutritional properties of two barley cultivars, PL-751 and PL-830. Using the Kaiser criterion, the first three principal components (PCs) with eigenvalues greater than one (4.23, 10.57, and 1.64) were extracted. These components accounted for more than 100% of the variance, indicating potential cumulative rounding errors or overlapping contributions. PC1 explained 88.0% of the variance for PL-751 and 82.8% for PL-830, with significant influence from color parameters (L, a, b) in PL751 and crude protein in PL-830. PC2 was dominated by ash content in PL751 and a mix of protein, fiber, and color parameters in PL-830. PC3 highlighted crude fat and fiber in PL-751 and dimensional properties in PL830. The PCA biplot showed that samples associated with carbohydrates clustered on the positive side of PC1, while proximate components were significant differentiators. These findings are consistent with previous studies on barley's chemical composition. The study concludes that proximate components are key variables for distinguishing between barley cultivars, and further analysis is needed to address the overlapping contributions in the variance explanation.