Lake Chilwa, an endorheic shallow lake, experiences significant fluctuations in water levels due to seasonal weather changes and landscape features.The research investigated plant species distribution in its floodplain, focusing on environmental features shaping it, thus vital for ecosystem conservation. Belt transects were used across six sites with varied slopes, each comprising three 50 m x 6 m plots, to sample remnant vegetation, and collect soil samples for texture, pH, and nutrient content analysis. Correlation and Principal Component analysed soil properties relationships. Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling and Similarity percentage assessed species dissimilarity among sites, while Indicator Species analysis identified species in distinct hydroperiod zones. Results showed the highest species dissimilarity of 67.75% between sites on higher slopes and lower slopes. Oryza longistaminata A. Chev. & Roehr, predominantly present in lower slope sites, and Typha domingensis Pers, across all sites, demonstrated significant influence of environmental features on species composition and distribution. Soil analysis revealed sand as the main constituent, with a significant positive correlation between potassium and pH, and a significant negative correlation between potassium and magnesium. The landscape features influencing the water regime within the floodplain were key to the variation of species distribution and soil nutrient dynamics.