ISSN : 2663-2187

Point Prevalence studies for Qualitative Assessment of Antimicrobial use

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Dr.Nishanthy .M ,Dr.Subha.S, Dr.Vidyalakshmi Devarajan, Dr.Akila Raja Kumar, Captain Thangam
» doi: 10.48047/AFJBS.6.12.2024.1728-1734

Abstract

Background: Knowledge regarding the antimicrobial prescribing pattern and rationale in the use of antibiotics helps to develop interventions for better antimicrobial utilization.This is an important tool to combat the prevailing Antimicrobial resistance among the various infections in healthcare practices.Point prevalence study (PPS) is a well-established methodology to measure the prevalence of antimicrobial use in hospitals at a given point in time. Data obtained from these studies can be fed back to clinicians thereby discussions happen to improve stewardship practices. Results of PPS can be used to evaluate quality indicators, to follow-up antimicrobial stewardship programs, and to support decision-making. Aim: The aim of the study was to know the prevalence of antimicrobial use among inpatients on a given day (Point prevalence) and to have an insight about the antimicrobial prescribing pattern (choice of antimicrobial agent,indication, and route)in the institute. Methods:Two-point prevalence survey (Nine months apart) of antimicrobial use was performed on January 20th 2021 and October 27th2021. All admitted patients at 8 a.m. on the day of the PPS were included. First PPS was by reviewing patient records one after the other manually, second PPS was online real-time capture of patient information using Forms app by a Survey team. The survey team reviewed patients’ case sheet and noted antibiotics prescriptions on the date of the survey. Other important details such as admitting ward, age, gender, total number of patients on admissions, administered antibiotics and its route, their dosages, dosing intervals, patients’ clinical diagnosis and indications for antibiotic use were collected. Results: The prevalence of antimicrobial use in admitted patients with at least one antimicrobial was 52.3% and44.05 % in the first and second PPS respectively. The prevalence of more than one antimicrobial use was 46% in first PPS and 27.8% in second PPS. Appropriate specimens for culture and susceptibility testing prior to start of antimicrobials was 36.36% in the first and 95.23% in the second PPS. The most preferred antibiotics in all the department specialities were Piperacillin –tazobactam and Meropenem and nearly half of the patients who were on antibiotics were mostly on Piperacillin-tazobactam which was administered via parenteral route. Discussion and Conclusions: Antimicrobial use prevalence remained stable in comparison of both PPS but there was more insight in the choice of antimicrobials which was evident in the reduction of multiple antibiotic use by second Point Prevalence. Also, evidentbetter understanding in the need for sending appropriate specimens prior to start of antimicrobials during the second PPS. These latter improvements are evident due to effective ongoing antimicrobial stewardship program in the hospital. The hospital is further stimulated to set local targets to optimize antimicrobial prescribing and use as a continuum.Thus, such PPS periodically will help in a trend analysis and target interventions objectively.

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