ISSN : 2663-2187

Predictive Value of Metabolic Profile on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Diabetic Versus Non-Diabetic Patients

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Lobna Farag El-Toony, Ahmed Elminshawy, Hosam Hasan-Ali, Soheir Mustafa Kassem, Rabab Mashhour, Salma mokhtar Osman, Salma Taha, Ahmed Taha
» doi: 10.33472/AFJBS.6.8.2024.1816-1825

Abstract

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the primary cause of mortality on a global scale. Despite the utilization of therapies recommended by guidelines, the prognosis for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains unfavorable, necessitating the early identification of risk factors. DM is associated with abnormal endothelial function, increased inflammatory response and seems to be an important factor deteriorating microvascular reperfusion in acute phase of myocardial infarction. Consequently, there has been a surge in research focusing on new inflammatory biomarkers that can aid in the diagnosis and risk stratification of patients. However, the role of fundamental hematological and metabolic parameters, which are routinely performed as predictors of short- and long-term mortality and the detection of major cardiovascular events (MACE), as well as the influence of DM on these parameters, has not been extensively investigated. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the value of hematological and metabolic parameters in predicting short and long-term Major cardiovascular events (MACE) and other non-cardiovascular complications, and the impact of diabetes on these factors. Methodology: The approach employed in this study involved the inclusion of 206 ACS patients (STEMI, non-STEMI) who were divided into two distinct groups: group A consisted of type 2 diabetic patients, while group B comprised non-diabetic patients. Furthermore, each group was further subdivided based on whether the patients underwent PCI or CABG within 3 months after ACS. Follow-up assessments were conducted at 6 and 12 months to ascertain short- and long-term outcomes subsequent to revascularization. Results: The results of our study revealed a statistically significant discrepancy in the mean levels of blood urea, creatinine, liver enzymes, and the three components of CBC at the baseline, 6-month, and 1-year follow-up between the diabetic and control groups. Diabetic patients exhibited a significantly higher risk of developing MACE compared to their non-diabetic counterparts (p=0.009). Additionally, patients with low Hb levels demonstrated a significantly greater incidence of MACE compared to those with higher Hb levels (p=0.049). Moreover, an increase of one g/dl in the Hgb level at the ICU was associated with a 31% (OR=1.31, 95% CI; 1.04–1.65, p=0.022) rise in the likelihood of successful revascularization.

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