Curcuma caesia (Kali Haldi), a rare and essential therapeutic herb in the Zingiberaceae family, has long been recognised in indigenous medicine for its healing properties. This study investigates the chemical profile of the volatile rhizome oil obtained from four accessions of Curcuma caesia collected from Manipur using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of fifty chemical constituents were detected, representing 87.04%-96.99% of the overall essential oil. The predominant constituents included epicurzerenone (11.22-41.44%),5,8-Dihydroxy-4a-methyl-4,4a,4b,5,6,7,8,8a,9,10-decahydro-2(3H)-phenanthrenone (2.68-16.14%), cyclohexane, 1-ethenyl-1-methyl-2,4-bis(1-methylethenyl)-,[1S-(1α,2β,4β)]- (4.48-10.85%),curcumanol (6.60-9.84%), benzofuran,6-ethenyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3,6-dimethyl-5-isopropenyl-,trans- (6.58-9.84%), (R)-3,5,8a-Trimethyl-7,8,8a,9-tetrahydronaphtho[2,3-b]furan-4(6H)-one (7.69-9.74%), β-Cyclocostunolide (4.99-9.46%), eucalyptol (3.38-8.78%), camphor (2.43-7.97%), etc. The present research reports some major components, such as (R)-3,5,8a-Trimethyl-7,8,8a,9-tetrahydronaphtho[2,3-b]furan-4(6H)-one, curdione, and reynosin for the first time in C. caesia essential oil, highlighting significant geographical variations. The unique chemical profile of C. caesia from Manipur opens up new avenues for drug development and herbal remedies.