The encapsulation of anticancer drugs in nanoliposomes offers a promising strategy to enhance therapeutic efficacy and reduce side effects. This study focuses on developing an advanced method for encapsulating docetaxel, a widely used chemotherapy drug, in nanoliposomes to improve its delivery and performance in cancer treatment. The method involves the use of phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol to form lipid bilayers, which are hydrated with a docetaxel-containing phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution. The resultant lipid film undergoes sonication and extrusion through polycarbonate membranes to produce nanoscaleunilamellar vesicles. To enhance stability and targeting capabilities, the surface of the nanoliposomes is modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and conjugated with folic acid.The encapsulation efficiency of docetaxel in the nanoliposomes exceeded 90%, demonstrating the effectiveness of the preparation method. The nanoliposomes were characterized by an average size of 100-150 nm and a slightly negative zeta potential, indicating good colloidal stability. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed their spherical shape and uniform size distribution. In vitro drug release studies revealed a sustained release profile of docetaxel over 72 hours, with an initial burst release followed by a slower, continuous release phase.Targeting efficacy was significantly improved by folic acid modification, which facilitated higher uptake of nanoliposomes by cancer cells expressing folate receptors. This targeted approach resulted in increased cytotoxicity against cancer cells compared to non-targeted nanoliposomes and free docetaxel. Cytotoxicity assays further demonstrated that docetaxel-loaded nanoliposomes had higher selectivity for cancer cells, sparing normal cells and thus potentially reducing side effects.The study concludes that the advanced method of encapsulating docetaxel in nanoliposomes successfully enhances drug delivery, stability, and targeted therapeutic efficacy. The PEGylated and folate-modified nanoliposomes showed significant potential for improving the treatment outcomes of docetaxel in cancer therapy. These promising in vitro results pave the way for further in vivo studies and clinical trials to validate the effectiveness and safety of this novel drug delivery system, potentially revolutionizing the approach to chemotherapy.