As our population ages and faces more health issues, there are more and more cardiothoracic surgeries being done. Anesthesiologists are increasingly involved in care before, during, and after surgery (perioperative care). This means it’s important to choose anesthesia that manages pain well, both during the operation and as the patient recovers. In heart surgery, if pain isn’t well-controlled, it can lead to long-term pain problems and increased sensitivity to opioid medications. In recent years, surgery aims for shorter stays and quicker removal of breathing tubes. This has led doctors to avoid strong pain medication during surgery. To manage pain without heavy drugs, some doctors are using fascial plane nerve blocks. These blocks are safe and avoid blood pressure changes that can happen with other pain control methods. Since pain is a big issue after heart surgery, new anesthesia techniques have opened the door for better pain management strategies. Recent cardiac surgery has seen a rise in regional anesthesia techniques. This is done to cut down on opioid use during surgery and to help patients recover faster afterwards. This study looks at the most common regional techniques used today in cardiac surgery. These include blocks for the chest wall (like PECS I and II, SAP, ESB, and PVB), blocks for the sternum (like TTMPB and PSINB), and blocks that involve the nerves along the spine (like TEA and high spinal anesthesia).