Heart failure (HF) is a multifaceted medical condition marked by the inability of the heart to effectively pump blood to fulfil the body's requirements. Interleukins, including IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, IL-18, IL-33, IL-5, IL-7, IL-9 and IL-13 have been implicated in various aspects of HF pathophysiology, such as angiogenesis, inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative stress and cardiac remodelling. Numerous studies have indicated altered interleukin levels in HF patients compared to healthy controls, suggesting their potential as prognostic indicators and markers of disease severity. Moreover, interleukins influence critical cellular processes associated with HF pathogenesis, such as immune cell activation, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, neurohormonal regulation and endothelial dysfunction. A comprehensive understanding of interleukin’s roles in HF may lead to the development of innovative therapeutic strategies targeting inflammation and immune dysregulation. This review highlights the increasing importance of interleukins as key contributors to HF pathophysiology and underscores the potential for targeting interleukin pathways as novel therapeutic approaches for managing and treating HF.