This study investigates the prevalence and impact of Fusarium disease on cucurbitaceous production in the arid region of Algeria, focusing specifically on the Biskra province. Cucurbit production holds significant economic importance in Algeria, with Biskra emerging as a leading producer in recent years. However, the escalating threat of Fusarium disease jeopardizes this vital sector. A survey was conducted among 45 farmers across five regions of Biskra to assess the incidence and consequences of Fusarium wilt on crops such as cucumber, zucchini, melon, and watermelon. Results revealed Fusarium as the most frequently reported disease, affecting 51.2% of surveyed farmers, followed by oidium at 39% and downy mildew at 9.8%.