The goal of this work is to investigate these relationships in the cardiovascular system and to explain their importance by citing appropriate sources. The cardiovascular system (CVS) plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis by ensuring the efficient supply of oxygen and nutrients to various organs and tissues. Imbalances in this system can lead to the development of cardiovascular diseases, a significant cause of global mortality. Recent research has revealed intriguing connections between β-N-oxalyl L-α, β diamino propionic acid (β-ODAP), homoarginine (hArg), protein kinase C (PKC), and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α). We hypothesized that ODAP and homoarginine in Lathyrus sativus, as potential modulators of PKC and HIF-1α, might enhance the cardiovascular adaptive response to exercise. Swimming was employed as a physical exercise to promote the cardiovascular system's physiological responses in SD strain rats fed with Lathyrus diet or a normal diet for 30 days. Body weight gain and swimming ability time were recorded, and biochemical tests were performed on blood and tissue samples. Statistical analysis revealed a significantly lower body weight increase in Lathyrus diet-fed rats compared to normal diet-fed rats. Lipid profiles and marker enzymes were within normal ranges in both groups. Increased swimming ability time was observed in the Lathyrus diet group. These findings underscore the delicate balance between ODAP and hArg in cardiovascular health, suggesting Lathyrus sativus as a promising dietary supplement for performance enhancement, even at high altitudes.