Nature offers a treasure trove of potential medicines, but some plants tread a fine line between therapeutic benefit and catastrophic harm. This review delves into the fascinating world of "catastrophic medicinal plants" – those possessing potent medicinal properties alongside significant toxicity. We explore the traditional use of these plants in various indigenous medical systems like Ayurveda and Siddha, highlighting their effectiveness in treating ailments like tetanus, jaundice, and asthma. The abstract focuses on the delicate balance between dose and effect, emphasizing Paracelsus' famous adage: "the dose makes the poison." We delve into the phytochemical makeup of these plants, exploring the various secondary metabolites like alkaloids and glycosides that contribute to their medicinal properties as well as their toxicity. The review specifically examines three such plants from the Indian context: Abrus precatorius (Indian Licorice), Urginea indica (Indian Squill), and Lantana camara (Lantana). We explore their established medicinal uses alongside documented cases of poisoning. This review aims to bridge the gap between traditional knowledge and scientific exploration. It emphasizes the need for further research to unlock the therapeutic potential of these catastrophic medicinal plants while advocating for safe and responsible use, ensuring the "dose" remains a source of healing, not harm.