Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are responsible for causing a significant proportion, specifically, up to 72%, of worldwide mortality. NCDs exert their impact on individuals across all geographical regions. Out of the total global mortality count of 52.8 million in the year 2010, NCDs accounted for 34.5 million deaths. Chronic low-grade inflammation, characterized by increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, has been associated with a range of health conditions including obesity, cardiometabolic illnesses, various malignancies, respiratory and auto-immune disorders, arthritis, and depression. These NCD-related fatalities encompass a range of conditions, namely cardiovascular diseases (such as coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular diseases like strokes, and peripheral vascular diseases), diabetes, cancers, and chronic renal diseases, gastrointestinal diseases etc. The development of some conditions is associated with a combination of hereditary factors and lifestyle choices, such as physical inactivity, inadequate diet, and excessive alcohol use. The establishment of healthy gut microbiota baselines is advantageous for determining dysbiosis in several chronic non-communicable conditions. The genome of all gut microbes is essential to the body's nutritional, metabolic, physiological, and immunological activities. Altering the gut microbiota to lessen the risk of numerous NCDs by diet and lifestyle modifications is of significant interest. This review has shown a correlation between gut health and its impact on the susceptibility to non-communicable diseases. The gut microbiota has been identified as a significant contributor to the development of these diseases.