Manipur, the north easternmost state of India, features a central valley surrounded by hilly terrain and is home to thirty-four Scheduled Tribes (ST), comprising 35.1% of the population according to the 2011 Census. In these forest-dominated hilly regions, many tribes still rely on shifting cultivation, which is deeply intertwined with their cultural practices, highlighting a unique environment-behaviour relationship (EBR). For example, the Khoibus, a subgroup of the Maring tribe, practice traditional jhum cultivation, accompanied by rituals and festivals during crop cycles. This form of agriculture, while culturally significant, contributes to slow forest regeneration and increased soil erosion, presenting significant environmental challenges. The objective of this study is to explore the subsistence livelihoods of these tribes and examine forest management strategies aimed at sustainable development. Methodologically, the study is based on first-hand data collected through interviews and observation techniques. Addressing the ecological impact of traditional agro-systems and the extensive collection of minor forest resources like firewood is essential. Developing a better understanding and cooperation with tribal communities is crucial for ensuring the sustainability of both forests and tribal economies. Government initiatives such as Joint Forest Management (JFM) must be strengthened to serve as effective strategies for Sustainable Forest Management (SFM).