Nanotechnology has gained substantial attention in agriculture, notably with the introduction of metal-based nanoparticles (MB NPs), which have the potential to alter farming techniques. However, as their use increases, it is critical to understand their behavior in soil environments to assess their impact on agricultural ecosystems and assure sustainable practices. The aggregation or dispersion of MB NPs in soil has a significant impact on their mobility and bioavailability to plants and soil organisms, with pH, ionic strength, and chemical composition all playing important roles. Furthermore, the interaction of MB NPs with soil-dissolved organic matter affects their stability, reactivity, and plant absorption capability. Hetero aggregation with inorganic colloids influences the distribution and availability of MB NPs in the soil matrix, as well as their transit within agricultural soil. Dissolution, oxidation, and reduction alter the physicochemical properties of MB NPs in agricultural soil, which may affect their toxicity to soil organisms and plants. Comprehensive study in this field is required to ensure the safe and successful use of metal-based nanoparticles in modern agricultural methods.