The function of secretory signaling molecules in mediating links between the oral epithelium and mesenchyme makes tooth development an area of study. The growth of additional teeth depends on Wnt signaling, while bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is required for the formation of more teeth. For mice to regenerate teeth, USAG-1—a BMP antagonist and Wnt signaling modulator—is essential. This implies that in addition to permanent dentition, "third dentition" may also result in the emergence of new teeth. It is believed that genetic factors contribute to the full or partial activation of the third dentition in humans. Supernumerary teeth are the result of enhanced BMP signaling, and in the USAG-1 defective mouse model, Wnt signaling modulates BMP signaling. Dementia and cognitive impairment are separately linked to tooth loss, and prompt prosthodontic therapy with dentures may slow the rate at which tooth loss-related cognitive decline advances. USAG-1 plays essential functions in kidney disease progression, impacting acute and chronic kidney damage and recovery of allograft kidney function by modulating BMP and Wnt signaling pathways. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play a crucial role in kidney development and injury. According to a study, uterine sensitization-associated gene-1 (USAG-1) binds to and inhibits the biological activity of BMP-7, acting as a kidney-specific BMP antagonist. USAG-1-deficient animals are the primary negative regulators of BMP function in the adult kidney and are resistant to renal damage. The isolation and characterization of a new gene, uterine sensitization-associated gene-1 (UASG-1), suggested that it plays a role in endometrial receptivity for implantation and sensitization for the decidual cell reaction.