Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a major public health concern around the world. According to a report by the World Health Organization (WHO), an estimated 7-10% of all patients admitted to hospitals in developed countries will acquire at least one healthcare-associated infection, while this figure rises to 15% in developing countries (WHO, 2011). In low- and middle-income countries, the prevalence of HAIs is generally higher due to several factors, including inadequate infrastructure, poor infection control practices, and limited resources for surveillance and prevention of HAIs (Allegranzi & Pittet, 2007). The rate of infections acquired in intensive care units (ICUs) is at least 2-3 times higher than in high-income countries (Haque, Sartelli, McKimm, Abu Bakar, 2018). In Vietnam, a study by Vu Dinh Phu conducted in an adult ICU showed a high incidence of HAIs (29.5%) (Phu, 2011). HAIs can lead to significant morbidity, mortality, and economic burden, and are associated with increased healthcare costs, prolonged hospital stays (Klevens, Edwards & Richards, 2002), prolonged average hospital stay from 7 to 15 days; Increased use of antibiotics leads to increased drug resistance of microorganisms and increases the cost of treatment for an infection, often 2 to 4 times compared to cases without infection (Haque et al., 2018).