Environmental impact assessment is the need of the hour as it plays a pivotal role in promoting environmental sustainability and biological balance. This study demands a robust modelling framework to address diverse factors associated with agricultural activities and their complex relation patterns influencing sustainable development. This research work applies the Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping approach to make intensive studies on the factors subjected to the domains of agriculture, biological scaling, and environmental sustainability. Fuzzy logic and the cognitive mapping technique are competent in handling both the uncertainty and non-linearity in interrelation impacts between the factors of the study. The model developed in this work considers critical environmental factors derived from various input data sources. The modelling results demonstrate the efficacy of Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping in making environmental impact assessments of agricultural practices considering the factors of biological scaling. The insights from this research will facilitate agriculturalists and policymakers to enhance agricultural productivity by mitigating the environmental impacts and paving the way for sustainable development.