Apart from treatment, radiotherapy left patients vulnerable to radiation damage. Such damage can be prevented through the synthetic drug amifostine, which may also cause adverse effects. In this regard, this study is focused on exploring the antioxidant activity of Moringa oleifera due to their high phenolic content, which neutralizes the free radicals. The phytochemical results showed TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activity were high in methanol extract followed by 30% ethanol extract, aqueous extract, and ethanol extract. HPLC results showed higher kaempferol content in all the extracts than in quercetin. Since methanol extract may cause toxic effects on living cells, the radioprotective ability was assessed using 30% ethanol extract of M. oleifera leaf (MOLE), which shows nearly similar activity to methanol extract. The cytotoxicity analysis was carried out using micronucleus assay and comet assay showing erythrocytic abnormalities and DNA damage respectively in erythrocytes of the piscine model "Pangasius sutchi" exposed to cobalt-60 (Co60) gamma radiation. The results show that amifostine has a higher radioprotective effect, followed by MOLE and phenolic antioxidant compounds such as kaempferol and quercetin. Hence, the current study results in the efficiency of MOLE as a radioprotective agent as it shows less cytotoxicity similar to amifostine.