Traditional healers employ the Curcuma genus for a variety of diseases in ethno medical traditions, Although Curcuma caesia (C. caesia) Roxb. is a relatively unknown and unexplored drug. C. caesia, often called as black turmeric, belong from Zingiberaceae family. The herbaceous plant can be found in the north-east, central India, east-west Godavari, and Andhra Pradesh. C. caesia rhizomes have anti-asthmatic, smooth muscle relaxant, antifungal, antibacterial, analgesic, anticonvulsant, antioxidant actions as well as anti-inflammatory properties. (Z)-ocimene, bornyl acetate, ar-turmerone, camphor, ar-curcumene, elemene, 1,8- cineole, curcumene and borneol are said to be the main constituent of the plant. It is also regarded as a useful source of natural ingredients for the progression of drugs to treat a different types of ailments. In this review the medicinal uses, phytochemistry, isolation methods, analytical methods and pharmacological actions of the plant are mainly considered.