In recent years, the demand for natural food and medicinal plants has increased. Climate change will affect ecological factors that influence species distribution patterns at different spatial and temporal scales. In the article the distribution of the Elwendia persica (Boiss.) Pimenov & Kljuykov species is modeled on the MaxEnt program. One of the important features of this type of modeling is the state of species populations in the future, as well as the analysis of their depletion. In the food industry, Elwendia persica (Boiss.) Pimenov & Kljuykov occupy a very important place. In the conditions of future climate change, climatic factors and topographic factors of two scenarios (SSP126 and SSP585) were adopted, and against the background of the MaxEnt model it has been used to simulate and predict the potential dispersal sites and dispersal ranges of E. persica. Future climate change results from 2080 to 2100 showed that under two emission scenarios, E. persica the range and distribution ranges of species habitats have been observed to initially increase and later decrease with future climate change. The response curves showed that this species prefers habitats with an annual temperature of 12.05–19.4 °C, annual precipitation of 170 to 420 mm and elevation range of 1245 to 2406 m a.s.l. Most of the potential current suitable conditions were located at the middle northern region of Turkestan and Zerafshan ridge (Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and others). Prediction models under two future climate change scenarios displayed habitat range shifts through the disappearance of E. persica in sites below 1200 m a.s.l., an altitudinal range contraction at 1200–1900 m and possible expansions towards higher elevation sites (2000–2400 m a.s.l.). Our findings can be used to define the high priority areas for reintroduction or for protection against the expected climate change impacts and future modifications.