Metacognition, the awareness and understanding of one's own cognitive processes, plays a crucial role in learning, problem-solving, and decision-making. This literature review synthesizes research on metacognition exploring its conceptual underpinnings, dimensions. The review highlights the multidimensional nature of metacognition, encompassing dimensions such as metacognitive knowledge, regulation, experience, skills, awareness, and control. It discusses the significance of metacognition in promoting self-regulated learning, enhancing problem-solving abilities, and fostering self-awareness, critical thinking skills and metacognitive skills. Additionally, the review identifies research gaps related to the intersection of metacognition and technology, cultural considerations, metacognitive assessment in digital environments, and the application of metacognitive interventions in clinical settings. Overall, this review highlights the importance of understanding metacognition in educational contexts and focuses opportunities for future research and practice to enhance student learning outcomes and foster lifelong learning skills.